Navigating Widowhood: Economic Struggles and Livelihood Challenges of Widows of Conflict in Lanao del Sur, Magindanao, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi and Basilan in Mindanao, Philippines
Keywords:
widowhood, livelihood strategies, economic insecurity, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim MindanaoAbstract
In war, women become the most vulnerable group. As a result of conflict in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Philippines, the widows experience intersecting challenges linked to livelihood, education, and social participation. The study has delved into women’s economic hardships and the main ways of coping with these problems among 50 conflict widows from the provinces of Lanao, Magindanao, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, and Basilan. Using a qualitative thematic method, the researcher has collected data through interviews and focus group discussions. The findings show that the main problems faced by participants were chronic poverty, limited job opportunities, and the difficulties of caring for dependents. The results also show that widows are resilient and resourceful, but their efforts only help them get by rather than reach stability. Institutional support exists, but it is often insufficient and inconsistent, highlighting gaps in policies and programs. Younger widows mentioned they could engage in entrepreneurship if they received loans and training. In contrast, older widows stressed the need for direct social assistance because of health issues. This study emphasizes the need for gender-sensitive and context-aware programs in livelihood and education. This paper claims that empowering widows through economic and educational means is not just about welfare; it is a way to achieve long-term peace and community recovery. Future research should include widows from other regions and explore how to include health and mental health support in development programs. Policymakers should create well-rounded solutions linking livelihood support with education, healthcare, and peacebuilding.
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